My Education Philosophy Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My Education Philosophy - Personal Statement ExampleThroughout my life, I have always been prepared and organized in my schoolman career. I want to be a teacher in order to narrow the gap between theory and practice. The theory and pedagogies that I acquired in the classrooms rightfully expanded and implemented theories and practices that I shag embed in the classrooms. This course explored the roles of the writing tutor, strategies for maintaining interpersonal interaction, and challenges that tutors overcame. As a tutor, it is important to account for the differences in skill styles that are prevalent between students. I feel that the role of the teacher is to act as a facilitator, paving the channels of knowledge, nurture, and creating an environment of collaboration that can truly create an aura of formidable experience for a student. I firmly belief that my academic education along with engagements in peer tutoring is lively towards my pursuit to obtain my education that no t only will harness my growth in professional development, solely will enable me to gain a better sense of the law that govern society. As a dedicated student, my work ethics along with my superb leadership skills have become the gun for my academic success. I look forward to fresh set of challenges that I will have to overcome not only as a student, but as a young adult ready to explore the essence of real

How Personal Can Ethics Get Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

How Personal Can Ethics Get - Essay ExampleShe faced a dilemma, outweighed her options, made a choice, and based it, solely, on her ad hominem situation. She ended up not enriching her administrations ethics.On the other hand, her boss acted on his personal preference. He, too, faced a dilemma, made clearly wrong choice and kept acting on it. Therefore, he not only did not help develop ethics in his organization, he compromised its integrity.In this finicky case individual differences and preferences proved to be more important than ethics. Here, the ethical principles were not enforced from the leadership level, or followed by the individuals within the organization.I operate organizational ethics as a two way road. On the road, a car, control by a manager, is heading to meet the other car, driven by an employee. The manager is supposed to give the employee a set of instructions how to deal with ethical questions. Unfortunately, in this case, they never meet.In recent years, w ith the discovery of unethical business practices in several big and prominent companies, the public started looking more closely into how business is conducted. The focus of this new interest became the ethics in business organizations and how ethical guidelines are followed.We perceive ethics as simply distinguishing right from wrong. On the organizational level this means treating employees and business partners fairly, and leaving no doubt or room for questions about implementation of organizational policies on ethics.Many organizations do have policies and procedures in place to guide individuals in confronting and closure ethical dilemmas. But, often times that is not enough. What is needed is overall organizational culture in which top management leadership, by clear example, leads everyone else within the organization in navigating the rough waters of ethics. After all, managers and other leaders are the ones facing dilemmas more frequently than

Wireless telephones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wireless telephones - Essay ExampleBoth passengers and radios can as affect the attention of a motor vehicle operator, thus singling out the use of a wireless telephone whitethorn be merely populist. This may be especially true with regards to talking and listening rather than texting. Nevertheless one of the advantages of this law is that it reduces the number of motor vehicle accidents resulting from the use of wireless telephones opus driving. Also, the subsections (6a) and (6b) clearly state when an offence is to be cited and subsections (5a) and (5b) state the punishment due (Levy et al. 3). This makes it easy to enforce the law. On the converse though, separation of subsections 2 and 3 signify that there is a difference between minors and adults and from their wording it appears that adults may be allowed to use wireless telephones while driving. Also the definition of an emergency in subsection (1a) still leaves a lot of room for different interpretations for example diffe rent people may interpret fear for ones safety differently. These instances of ambiguity may be used as a loophole by offenders and their attorneys. Regardless of these ambiguities I am for this state law because its spirit is more of preventative rather than vindictive. This mean that it seeks to better the quality of life for the residents of Colorado State by protecting them from avoidable motoring accidents.

Prison Term Policy Recommendation Essay Example for Free

Prison Term Policy Recommendation EssayThe legal definition of armed robbery, according to The Free Dictionary by Farlex is The taking of money or levelheadeds in the possession of a nonher, from his or her somebody or immediate presence, by force or intimidation. (Free Dictionary, 2009) This is not to be confused with larceny. An armed robbery is defined when a person is do to feel fear or vituperate and then has personal property stolen. Larceny is a person who hasIt is the responsibility for members of the state legislature to thoroughly research whether a hand burden to double the maximal prison term for any person convicted of armed robbery will be an effective deterrent to future crimes. The data compiled will present the substantiating and negative aspects of the proposed bill. Therefore, the criminologist consultant will compile a study of the current impartialitys, consequences, and data necessary to make a testimonial.This author will be the criminologist ad visor for the New jersey state legislature member. As the states advisor, this author will present the prison term policy as it stands for armed robbery and the authors recommendation for the change included will be the incorporation of the Three-Strikes Law to aid in the punishment stage.In the state of New Jersey, the sentence for first stop armed robbery is 25 years in prison. Each armed robbery conviction carries maximum statutory prison sentence of 25 years. (2006) pursuant(predicate) to state law, the convict must serve a minimum of 85 percent of their sentence. For a 25 year sentence, this would be 21.25 years.This author feels that if the convicted criminal has no regard for their victim, they should serve their term behind bars. In reality, if a person the age of 40 was sentenced to a term of 25 years, they would be 65 when they were released, if do to serve the entire term. However, if the same 40 year aged person was sentenced to a term that had been doubled to 50 yea rs, they would be 90 years old upon release, if they lived to that age. This would mean that tax payers would be forced to pay for this person to be in an already overcrowded prison for the remainder of their life. Most large number are not going to want to do this, unless of course the crime led to a death in which vitrine the criminal deserves to be in jail for the remainder oftheir life.There is another point of view to consider when thinking about this type of crime. That would be the commonwealth who support a change in the laws to double the sentence of a convicted armed robber. If the sentence is 40 years normally and then doubled, it is safe to assume that the person will never see exemption again. In that case, there will be one less dangerous person on the streets who will be able to go out and move over another robbery, and mayhap worse.Three Strikes LawThe Three Strikes Law was originally passed in 1993. In the state of New Jersey, the bill was approved May 13, 1994. In fact, the bill was approved in a 35 0 vote. They were slightly behind on passing this bill but it is a good protection for citizens to have. The crimes the bill covers are murder, manslaughter, aggravated assault, kidnapping, sexual assault, robbery and possession of a firearm, explosive or destructive device for an unlawful purpose. (New York Time, 1994) The definition is life in prison for committing three violent crimes, such as murder, manslaughter or robbery. (Three strikes case, 2007) This is a great idea to keep repeat offenders locked up and off the streets.It is a shame though, that a person has to keep committing crimes in order to be locked up permanently. In the case of someone committing armed robbery, there should not be a suspicion of the punishment they deserve to get. When it is proved beyond a reasonable doubt that the person absolutely committed the crime they are accused of, they need to be punished accordingly. Then of course, when that said person gets re leased and goes out and commits more crimes, they do not deserve a break. When they go into a residence or personal credit line with a weapon, whether it is a gun, knife, pepper spray or something else, it is their intention to use force to get what they want. They intentionally want to scare the person or people they are going to rob, and if necessary, they will use physical force which can result in severe injury or even death.This author is a supporter of the Three Strikes Law. She believes that people who do not want to follow the laws and try to make up their own deserve to be punished. She feels that each person has a right to feel safe in theirown home or place of business and when someone comes in and tries to take away that sense of smell of safety, it can affect that persons life. In the beginning of this paper, it was mentioned that there will be people who do not agree that they should be responsible to pay for a criminal to spend the rest of their life behind bars. Th e criminal will get a warm place to sleep, three meals a day, exercise, television, education and possibly work duty.The possibility of armed robbers getting double the amount of time to spend in prison is good, but it may not always be a deterrent to other people who are thinking of committing that same crime, or who are currently career criminals. If a person is homeless and is robbing people by force to survive, it is quite possible that they know if they are caught, they will have a place to sleep out of the cold and rain or any other extreme weather. They will also know that they will get meals, which they may not get while living on the streets. It is the mind of this author that while this law may deter some people from committing crimes, it will not deter everyone. Many criminals have the mindset that they are good at what they do and they will not get caught. Those are famous last words. No matter how good the person is at their crime, they will some always be caught, reg ardless of the time line that passes between when they started their career and when they are finally brought to justice.Some other issues that had been mentioned when New Jersey was first severe to pass the Three Strikes Law was the cost involved not only with repeat offenders going through a trial and then being engrossed again, but also the cost of actually keeping them in prison. The other issue mentioned was the fact that the prisons are already bursting at the seams with inmates so the former regulator Christine T. Whitman wanted to make sure this bill would only apply to the most violent of crimes. (New York Times, 1994) The New Jersey Department of Corrections (NJDOC) houses approximately inmates in minimum, medium and maximum state prisons. The annual cost to house each inmate in 2006 was approximately $38,700 per year. This is more than many people make in a year. There were about 14,000 people incarcerated into the NJDOC in 2006 and that number was expected to rise by 1180 in 2007. In 2006, 14,000 inmates were released and it was expected that 1,180 would bereleased each month in 2007.The median term for NJDOC inmates is five years. Fifty percent of all NJDOC inmates are serving footing of one-to-five years 16 percent are serving terms of six-to-nine years and 34 percent are serving maximum sentences of 10 years or more. (Department of Corrections)After a thorough review of all the information presumption in this paper, it is the recommendation of this author that the laws surrounding the violent crime of armed robbery be changed to doubling when convicted of the offense. A statement needs to be made to criminals that the State of New Jersey will not condone violent criminal offenders and will punish them to the fullest extent of the law. These offenders should know that no matter where they go or what they do, their crimes will not go unnoticed and they will be caught and prosecuted.In closing, it is the hope of the author that all members of the State of New Jersey polity will regard the seriousness of the crime of armed robbery and will take into consideration the information that has been presented and vote in favor of passing this law along side of the passing of the bill of the Three Strikes Law.ReferencesCareer Criminal Bank Robber Gets 90 Years in Federal Prison (2006) retrieved on March 22, 2009 from http//www.usdoj.gov/usao/nj/press/files/giub1002_r.htmThe Free Dictionary by Farlex (2009) retrieved on March 22, 2009 from http//legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/armed+robberyCoscarelli, K. (25 October, 2007) NJ top court to decide three strikes case retrieved on March 22, 2009 from http//www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2007/10/nj_top_court_to_decide_three_s.htmlGray, J. (Ed.). (1994). New Jersey Senate Approves Bill To Jail 3-Time Criminals for Life. New York The New York Times. Retrieved March 23, 2009, from http//www.nytimes.com/1994/05/13/us/new-jersey-senate-approves-bill-to-jail-3-time-criminals-for-life.html ?sec=spon=pagewanted=1New Jersey Department of Corrections (1999 2009) retrieved on March 23, 2009 from http//www.nj.gov/corrections/freqntlyasked.html

Women In The Military Essay Example for Free

Women In The Military EssayWomen in the force has been a controversial topic for numerous years now, and the roles they play in the armed services. In this paper I will discuss the roles women control occupied, and if they should be each(prenominal) in allowed to unwrapicipate on the front lines in war. This has been a topic receiving more attention as the years progress. It used to be never customary for women to be involved in war in any way, but as civil rights has been more of an issue so has women going to war. The women want to be equal to men, but the question is can they insure doing what the men can do on the front lines. It is well kn have got women provide good services and do a fine jobs working up the ranks in the military. They have grown in numerals and have gained more respect in recent years by using their knowledge and skills. However, they be still not prevalent in mass numbers during fighting in battles of war. I will try to balance out the positive s and negatives of this topic therefore give my psycheal opinion on this widely discussed issue.It has been longed believed that men are imagine to be the warriors and the ones who fight to protect his family or country. That has been the basic theory for all the yesteryear years, so the women had no influence on war at all. Even dorsum in the civil war days women had no part in the war in any way. They were expected to take care of the kids and the house hold has the men went off to fight. They did not even realize what was in reality going on, because they had knowledge how war was fought. This has been the way because of womens physical characteristics. In general women are not as big or strong as men, so they have been considered weak and not able to battle. For the maturity of women compared to men that is a true statement. They do not have the physical size, strength, or speed as men do for the most part. There are always exceptions, but for maturity that is a basic fact .The physical characteristic differences in women from men contumaciously play a major part in them not fighting in the front the lines. When people go to war they carry extremely grievous backpacks on their backs all the time. Those backpacks are how they survive in the times they are not near their bases. Those packs are also very heavy along with all the clothes they have to wear as well. Most women could not travel with those packs on there backs for to long with out becoming fatigue then by nature slowing the conclave the down. The military eliminates men or women that would slow them down in battle, because time is of essence. The women would also have a hard time treatment the guns the military uses. They use heavy machinery and powerful weapons that are difficult to handle. It is not an easy job to hold a gun in place when it kicks back every time the trigger is pulled. Most women would just become too fatigued, since there physical characteristics are not equal to men, s o that therefore would be a negative affect with women on the front lines.The number of women in the armed forces has grown dramatically since World War II. During WWII women were mostly nurses so were suppose to take care of men. However, as America went deeper into the war, the women needed to play greater roles. They were called on to work in factories to build the weapons needed, and take more responsibilities in the aesculapian teams. After WWII of course the civil rights movement started to grow stronger for more women rights. Women felt they could be more than just a housewife or a nurse. both(prenominal) women went into the working field, while early(a)s wanted to be in the military. By the time the Gulf War started in the early 1990s there were numerous amounts of women in all areas of the armed forces. Women proved themselves to be disciplined and tough in the military, as well as sources of knowledge. Women retrieve about things and see nigh situations otherwise than men. They can bring a new perspective to things, which eases develop better strategies in war. Women now have high ranks in all the armed forces and help protect America as well as any man.Women are also a lot more emotional than men are. This is another basis why women shouldnt be in the military, especially during times of war. They could not fight being all emotional. Once again for the maturity men can intrust on a tougher face and do the job without worrying what they are doing, while they are doing it. It is not an easy task for any sane person to kill someone or watch someone die without having some sort of emotion. However, they have to look past that for the time being or they could be in danger for letting there guard down. It is much more likely for women to care too much about the people dieing next to them when it happens. The group has to be willing to let that person go and continue at the task at hand. For the most part men can look past that persons death, witho ut having to cry or worry about it while there still fighting. Most women could not handle what occurs in war.Womens numbers in the military has increase a lot because they have one many civil rights battles, and the fact there are a number of jobs available in the military other than actual combat. The military needs more to be successful than just good fighters. More jobs have opened up since the advancing technology and number of people in the military. The military offers excellent educational opportunities and other jobs such as engineers, scientists, doctors, lawyers, journalist, writers, accountants, and etcetera. With all those different jobs needed in the military in some way, there has been a lot of openings. Women can achieve just as good education or better than men, and have the opportunity to acquire those jobs. This benefits the military greatly because there is a variety, which can only help increase brain power.Traditionally through out time women are not vatic to fight in war. Women were thought of to never have what it takes to be a warrior in the eyes of men. They were not as big, strong, fast, or smart was the theory. Even Aristotle and Plato unquestionable theories how women did not have enough courage or virtue to be able to fight. They felt they lacked that killer instinct. Basically, it has just been custom for men to battle and be the provider and for the women to take care of the home. Times are changing where women are equal to men, but it is hard to break something that has held true for so many years. some other positive to women fighting though is it increases the number of people. In theory if there are more people on one side chances are they are going to win the war. The army could just out number the opponent, so they could just dominate that way. It would be more intimating to fight with a lot more people than normal, and the enemy would be more likely to back down. Also something holds true about the saying safety in numb ers. It is never good to have soldiers killed in battle, but the more people you have the more people you can afford to loose without being overrun by lack of numbers. end-to-end this paper I have shown some of the positive and negative aspects of women in the military, especially women going into war. After researching this topic I have developed my own opinion on this issue. I now believe women are needed in the military to perform several jobs, but I do not feel they should be in battle. There are a number of opportunities to take advantage of in the military, where one will never have to go to war. People can work with intelligence agencies, on the medical staff, scientists, or professional jobs such as doctors, lawyers, or journalists. Women can filll the need for these jobs and others just as well as a man could. However, I believe in the traditional thinking that women should not be in battle. I also dont think they have the physical capabilities to handle war. There are some that could, but war is too physically and emotionally demanding for the maturity of women to handle.

Impact of Social Classes Essay Example for Free

Impact of Social Classes EssayThe world that we live in is so immense, that the people who live in it is so diverse in culture, lifestyle, language and even skin color. We live in opposite environments and countries yet with all these dissimilarities, we appropriate something in common. That is what we call kind classes, which was practiced primarily during the beginning of world civilization. Our world began with this system and thereby influenced the generations after them. People were thence identified obviously as slaves or kings yet very unjust. People eventually awakened from a lengthy stupor and learned to fight for their human rights to exterminate these accessible strata and discriminations that exist in the society even until today. It is sad tho factual and real. Even in the most democratic country, social classes still exist in modern condemnations and manifest in terms of financial, cultural ethnicity and even racial aspects. We still have what we call as uppe r, middle and lower classes basing on their financial capacity. It is really part of our world but we have grown to be more considerate and tolerant to each other.In the business relationship AP, the desktop of the story happened in a store in a small town five miles away from the beach. People here be generally right thus concerned about propriety. The story began when Sammy, who usageed as a cashier in this grocery store called AP saw three young girls who came in the store barefoot, wearing swimming suits. This of course does non occur everyday in this town, so naturally, Sammy and his co-worker Stokesie were stunned. Even the other grocery shoppers were surprised to these girls confidently go along the aisles looking for something they need to buy.When the girls were on the counter being manned by Sammy, they caught the eye of Mr. Lengel, who manages the store. Mr. Lengel who as well teaches Sunday school could not help but approach the girls and told them Girls, this i snt the beach. This embarrassed the girls and wiz of them said, We are decent. The girls then paid and hurried to go back to their car outside and leave. Before the girls left, Sammy abruptly told Mr. Lengel that he is quitting his job, deliberately saying it while the girls were of hearing range to present himself as their hero but when he left the store, the girls left already, putting his efforts to nothing.Sammy then realized that his impulsiveness led his to lose his job which can greatly push his life and his family. Living in different areas in the same country also means having diverse cultures. Urban areas especially the big cities have displays of a more liberated lifestyle compared to the rural ones. The contrasts of these two societies are very discernible in this story. These girls didnt moot they did anything wrong by walking in a store wearing swimming suits but for residents of that community, it was very improper and offensive.Sammy seemed in awe of these girl s and impulsively quit his job just to become a momentary hero for them. Seeing this trio of girls who have been used to a different upbringing due to a social class they grew in opened Sammys eyes to something different from the one he is used to. The second story was entitled Barn Burning which happened in the 1930s. It was about an impoverished family led by the father called Abner Snopes, who whole shebang for farmers in way of rental contracts. This family has been moving from one farm to another for several years because Abner always gets in trouble.Abner is so full of bitterness and insecurities that pushed him to do ludicrous deeds to the farm owners he works in. His temper heats up even with the slightest provocation and gets consumed with hatred which impels him to burn the barns of the farms who worked for. All these were done witnessed by his two sons, twin daughters, sister-in-law and his wife who tags along with him every time he needed to move. He was put in question in Peaces courts several times because of his arsonist tendencies. One time, he burnt a barn to get back at his neighbor named Mr.Harris because his hog strayed to his neighbors property and defiantly refused to return it if he would not fix the fine of a dollar. He then sent a black man whom he calls rudely as a nigger and asks him to pay the dollar to claim his hog and tell the neighbor, Wood and hay kin burn. Later the barn of that neighbor was burned. After the inquest the Snopes family had to move to another farm outside that county. When they arrived at another farm, he immediately paid a visit to the owner of the farm and insisted on going inside the white carpeted house with his foul-smelling shoes and smeared dung on it from his shoes.He was later told in court to pay the farm owner ten bushels of corn which he obviously could not afford since they can barely put food on their table. He then later decided to burn the barn of that farm owner for revenge. The further p erson in the Snopes family, who truly asserted himself to correct the misdeeds of his father, was Abners youngest son who was a little boy named Colonel Sartoris Snopes. He wanted his fathers public barn burning to be stopped and so told the farm owner of what was happening.Colonerl Sartoris was righteous and did what he believed was the right thing to do even if his fathers barn burning is revealed. I am not trying to defend but understand Abner for the things he did in the story. What he did was wrong and there was no just compelling for his actions but Abners behavior was in some ways a result of what society laid as basis for a persons worth. He became irrational and resorted to violence when he thought he was unfairly treated instead of trying to do things in a proper way.Social classification then was so vividly observable. The owners of a farm are far more affluent compared to the families in the likes of the Snopes who does the hard, laborious work of tilling the land, grow ing the crops then harvesting it yet earning so little for it. The unfairness of that era was evident and created a huge gap between these social classes which affects the lives of those considered as inferior like Abners family. They deserved equal opportunity to live a more comfortable and easy life.Sammy and Abner has the same impulsiveness to do what they think could put justice into a situation without thinking of the consequences of their action. Sammy quit his job to show that he dissented the way Mr. Lengel embarrassed the girls which was implied to be a decision that would affect his family. On the other hand, Abner resorted to violence to solve his predicament which apparently worsens his familys situation. Social stratification affects the lives of the people. It may enrich their lives or curtail their opportunities.These days it is a relief to see that the lines between these classes are not as vivid as during the time of our forefathers and are now slowly fading into pr ogression. There are still destitute men and women on the streets in most communities. There are still discriminations among races and gender. There are still people oppressed by their leaders. But it is evident that in our society today people are more aware of their rights and would definitely fight for it in whatever way they can. These stories showed the development in how people treated each other during these two eras and the history of social classes.

Mushroom Fungi Nutritional Content Biology Essay

Mushroom Fungi Nutritional Content Biology EssayINTRODUCTIONMushrooms have been a voice of our human diet since time immemorial. They were utilize as food before man understood the use of other organisms. Certainly mushroom cloud-shaped clouds were matchless of mans close staple fibre foods, and they were often considered an exotic and luxurious food reserved for the rich. Today mushrooms atomic number 18 food for both the rich and the poor. They can be braggy anywhere as long as the conditions for their growth and cultivations be provided.The word mushroom may have different meanings and perspectives in different literatures and geographical territories. Mushroom is defined as a macro fungus with distinct fruit body that can be either epigeous or hypogenous and large enough to be seen with naked eye and to be picked by hand. Mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source.Mushrooms, a conventio n known as fungi, lack chlorophyll and can non therefore make its own food. It grows on dead thorough matter either parasitically or symbiotically with other living organisms. Among the various mushroom species, button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), oyster mushroom (Pleurotus species.), paddy straw (Volvariella species.), drawy mushroom (Calocybe Indica) ar most democratic among the commercial growers.Mushroom which is a fleshy saprophyte fungus argon found growing on damp rotten log of wood trunk of trees, decaying organic matter and in damp soil rich in organic substances. Edible mushroom are highly nutritious and can be compared with eggs, milk and meat.Mushrooms are rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals and called as the vegetarians meat. Mushroom proteins are considered to be intermediate between that of animals and vegetables (Kurtzman, 1976) as it contains all the nine essential amino erosives which is compulsory for human body.Mushroom has a high protein content of 25 -50%, fat (2-5%), sugars (17-47%), mycocellulose (7-38%), minerals (8-12%) and vitamins such as D, C, B1, B5, B6, niacin and riboflavin. Apart from serving as a protein food, for which they are most popular in Nigeria, mushrooms are excessively medicinal and have some biotechnology based functions.Many of mushrooms produce a range of metabolites of intense busy to the nutriceutical and pharmaceutical (e.g. antitumour, immunomodulation agents, and hypocholesterol-aemic agents) and food (e.g. flavor compound) industries (Chang, 2007).Many Asian countries use traditionally marvellous eatable mushrooms as delicious and nutritional foods and medicine. Wild edible mushrooms are appreciated not only for texture and flavor but also for their chemical and nutritional characteristics (Sanmee et al., 2003). Cultivated mushrooms have higher protein contents and minerals, low in fat and rich in B vitamins, vitamin D, vitamin K and sometimes vitamins A and C.Because of its oyster like shape pull together mushroom (i.e. Pleurotus species.) is car parkly called as Dhengri in India. Genus Pleurotus belongs to family Tricholomataceae and has about 40 well-recognized species, out of which 12 species are polite in different parts of country. Pleurotus is an efficient lignin-degrading mushroom and can grow well on different types of lignocellulolosic materials. Cultivation of this Mushroom is very simple and low cost which gives consistent growth with high biological efficiency. Different species of Pleurotus can grow well in variable temperature conditions hence they are ideally suited for cultivation throughout the year in various regions of tropical country like India. Among the Pleurotus species, P. sajor caju had been widely studied for the cultivation followed by P. ostreatus. These studies mainly concentrated on the cultivation on wastes of timbre and agricultural plants. Almost, all the available, lignocellulosic substances are likely be used as substrate for Pleu rotus species. Cultivation with slightly variation in the range and faction of the substrates in different part of world based on their availability in abundant and being cheaper in the respective region. The technology can also limit air pollution associated with burning agriculture wastes as well as to decrease environmental pollution due to unutilized agricultural wastes.Pleurotus species represents the ternion largest stem of coachd edible mushrooms in the world, grown on a variety of plant residues, and they have been found to be nutritionally and mishandletronomically important. They may be cultivated on a large number of substrates, according to local availability in different regions of the world. Most of these studies focused on the higher recall and quality of fruiting bodies of Pleurotus sp. with respect to cultivation times. The cultivation of edible mushrooms offers one of the most feasible and economic method for the bioconversion of agro-lignocellulosic wastes. One of the advantages of the Pleurotus group is their ability to grow on lignocellulosic substrates without the need for a composting or casing layer. Production techniques for these basidiomycetes are well developed and are relatively simple, compared with those used for the most commonly cultivated mushroom. Pleurotus mushrooms, commonly known as oyster mushrooms, grow wildly in tropical and sub-tropical celestial spheres, and are easily articially cultivated. They are healthy foods, low in calories and in fat, rich in protein, chitin, vitamins and minerals. They also contain high amounts of -amino butyric acid (GABA) and ornithine. GABA is a non-essential amino acid that functions as a neurotransmitter whereas ornithine is a precursor in the synthesis of arginine. Extract of P. ostreatus was able to alleviate the hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in rats and also the extract from P. ostreatus appeared to comfort major organs such as the liver, heart, and brain of aged rats agains t oxidative stress. There are about 40 species of Pleurotus mushrooms and they ranks second among the important cultivated mushrooms in the world.The mushroom cultivation is a profitable agribusiness and Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is an edible mushroom having excellent flavour and taste. It belongs to class Basidiomycetes, subclass Hollobasidiomycetidae, order Agricals. It grows wild in the forests of hilly areas and is cultivated in temperate and subtropical regions of the world. The technology of artificial cultivation of mushroom is somewhat recent innovation incorporation of non customary crops in existing agricultural system can help in improving the social as well as economic status of weakened(a) farmers. Mushrooms are the source of extra ordinary power and virility and have medicinal properties like anticancerous, anticholesteral, antitumorous. Mushrooms are useful against diabetes, ulcer and lungs diseases.It can be grown on agricultural and industrial waste. These wastes can be recycled into food and environment may be less endangered by pollution (Hayes, 1978). Mushroom cultivation is highly labour intensive, short duration crop and land saving, can be welcomed by the poor farmers.At present mushroom end product is slightly 1.5 million tons in the world. Every year about 90 tons of mushrooms are exported to Europe from Pakistan. There is need to develop diversified agriculture in the Pakistan. It is unfortune that in Pakistan and Azad Kashmir they have not caught the imagination of the public at large scale to become an important food item, perhaps the reason for not being taken up widely is non availability of mushrooms at low prices and lack of knowledge. The farmers should come forward to cultivate edible mushrooms like Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster mushroom) on commercial scale to fulfill the requirements of balance diet.The major problem associated with the transfer of technology for mushroom cultivation is the lack of technical k now-how for its cultivation. During an investigation of the cultivation of mushroom on agricultural residues, it was found that rice husk sorghum stover, saw dust, cotton waste, cocoa bean shell, and sawdust Gliricidia mixture are suitable substrates for the cultivation of edible mushroom.Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus species), the third largest commercially produced mushroom in the world are found growing naturally on rotten wood material. The growing emergence in consumption of oyster mushroom is largely due to its taste, medicinal and nutritional properties. Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the most produced species, cultivated mainly on sawdust. The inaccessibility of sawdust and the fact that felling of trees in most regions of the world is prohibited makes it imperative that other sources of substrates be utilised for its cultivation. In the tropics and sub-tropics, large volumes of unused lignocellulosic byproducts can be found. These byproducts are left to rot in the eld or are disposed o through burning. Cultivation of mushrooms on these by-products may be one of the solutions to transforming these inedible wastes into accepted edible biomass of high market value.Oyster mushrooms are grown from mycelium (threadlike filaments that become interwoven) propagated on a base of steam-sterilized cereal grain (usually rye or millet). This cereal grain/mycelium mixture is called spawn and is used to seed mushroom substrate. Most spawn is made with mycelium from a stored culture, rather than mycelium whose parent was a spore. This is because spores are likely to yield a new strain and performance would be unpredictable. Spawn-making is a rather complex task and not feasible for the common mushroom grower. Spawn of various oyster mushroom species may be purchased from commercial spawn makers who usually provide instructions for its use. Spawn frequently is shipped from the manufacturing business to growers in the same aseptic containers used for spawn production. Inoculum for spawn production is frequently produced in polyethylene bags containing a microporous breather strip for gas exchange. Most commercial spawn production companies produce spawn only from inoculum that has met strict quality control standards. These standards allow in verification of inoculum production performance before it is use to produce spawn and insurance of the spawns biological purity and vigor.Mushroom has high protein content of 25-30% and also compasses of Fat (2-5%) my cellulose (7-38%), sugars (17-47%) mineral (8-12%) and vitamins such as D, C, B ,B1 ,B5 ,B6, Nicin, Riboflavin. The known species of fungi are about 69,000 of which about 10,000 species are fleshy macro fungus and only few of these are lethal. About 2000 species are regarded as prime edible mushroom but only 80 of them are grown experimentally ,40 species are cultivated economically and only 20 species are cultivated commercially (Chang, 1999). There are numerous types of substrates used for c ultivation of mushroom throughout the world but some important substrates include paddy straw, wheat straw, cotton waste, cotton boll locules, maize straw and chopped leaves etc . It has been reported that mushrooms can grow on chopped cocoa pods, cotton waste, dried-out chopped maize straw, oil palm (fiber and bunch) wastes, tobacco straw, used tea leaves, rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, newsprint, old rags and sawdust.Pakistan is an agricultural country having 70% of its manpower employed directly or indirectly in agriculture sector but unfortunately we are not able to sustain our agriculture on tight basis. It requires a long term planning to increase our area under cultivation converting baron and arid areas into fertile lands. In such circumstances small cottage industry like mushroom cultivation as well as commercial cultivation will not only ameliorate the unworthy conditions of our poor farmers but on the other hand will become a source of foreign exchange. Oyster mushroo m is quite easy to cultivate is compared to its other relatives and has more nutritional and medicinal value as compared to vegetables.Oyster mushroom cultivation can play an important role in managing organic wastes whose disposal has become a problem Malnutrition is a problem in developing countries, Mushrooms with their flavour, texture nutritional value and high productivity per unit area have been identified as an excellent food source to alleviate malnutrition in developing countries.The oyster mushroom Pleurotus species is a saprophytic fungus commercially cultivated throughout the world because of its tasty basidiocarp and simple cultivation technology. It is also one of the choicest white rot fungi for research scientists to investigate. Pleurotus species lignocellulolytic enzymes for bioremediation (Arisoy and KalanKayan 1997) its flavour compounds, (Mau et al., 1998). Oyster mushrooms are mainly cultivated on residues from agricultural crops such as wheat, paddy, cotton, sugar cane or soybean.Consumption of edible mushrooms as food and do drugs is closely related to the history of mankind. Recently, oyster has been added to the list of commercially produced mushrooms. Edible mushrooms are cultivated worldwide under various climatic conditions. Their total yearly production in the world is well over 1.2 million tons. Thesemushrooms are grown on commercial scale in several countries. However, no imperious start has been made to grow them in Pakistan, which has varied climatic zones and abundance of manpower and agro-waste resources. There are about 5000 different species of mushrooms, of which at least 1220 are reported to be edible.